Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Introduction, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viral infections of the genital area, with over 100 different types. Some types are harmless and only cause skin or genital warts, while others can lead to cancers such as cervical, anal, throat, and penile cancer.

HPV Transmission

HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact (including vaginal, anal, and even oral sex). In some cases, direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected area can also spread the virus. Condom use can reduce the risk of transmission but does not completely prevent it.

HPV Symptoms

Most people with HPV show no symptoms and may unknowingly carry the virus. In some cases, the following symptoms may appear:

• Genital warts (in both men and women)

• Skin warts on other parts of the body

• Abnormal cell changes in the cervix (detected via Pap smear)

• Cancer-related symptoms in advanced stages

HPV and Cancer

Certain high-risk HPV types, particularly 16 and 18, are responsible for over 70% of cervical cancer cases. The virus is also linked to some cancers of the mouth, throat, anus, and penis. Early detection through regular screening and HPV testing can prevent disease progression.

HPV Vaccine

The HPV vaccine is one of the most effective ways to prevent high-risk HPV infections. Vaccines such as Gardasil and Cervarix are typically administered between ages 9 and 26, though they may also be given to older individuals in some cases. The vaccine is safe and significantly reduces the risk of cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers.

Diagnosis and Screening

For women, Pap smears and HPV tests are the main screening methods and should be performed regularly. If genital warts or suspicious symptoms appear, consultation with a specialist is essential.

HPV Treatment

There is no direct cure for HPV itself, but its complications can be treated:

• Genital warts can be removed with medication, laser, cryotherapy, or surgery.

• Precancerous cervical lesions can be treated with colposcopy or surgical removal.

• If cancer develops, standard treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery may be required.

Conclusion

HPV is a highly common infection that often shows no symptoms but can lead to serious complications like cancer. Awareness, vaccination, safe sexual practices, and regular screening can prevent many of these risks. Consulting a doctor and maintaining regular sexual and reproductive health checkups are crucial for effective prevention and treatment.

If you are concerned about HPV infection, need screening, vaccination, or treatment for genital warts, you can visit Dr. Afshin Shadmehr’s clinic in Kish Island. With extensive experience in sexual health and infectious diseases, Dr. Shadmehr provides specialized medical consultations and preventive care.